Understanding Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee replacement surgery, or knee arthroplasty, is a transformative procedure for individuals suffering from debilitating knee pain and limited mobility. By replacing damaged joint surfaces with prosthetic components, this surgery restores knee function, reduces pain, and significantly improves quality of life.
We’ll explore the causes of knee joint deterioration, symptoms of arthritis, and the essential role of physiotherapy in pre- and post-surgery recovery.
What Leads to Knee Joint Damage?
Knee joint deterioration is primarily driven by arthritis and mechanical stress on the joint. Let’s break down the key contributors:
1. Arthritis
Osteoarthritis: The most common culprit, caused by degeneration of cartilage that cushions the joint.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition where the body attacks the joint lining.
Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Damage resulting from a previous injury to the knee.
2. Mechanical Factors
Injury History: Prior trauma or surgery can weaken the knee’s structural integrity.
Muscle Weakness: Weak surrounding muscles increase joint strain.
Excess Weight: Each additional kilogram of body weight multiplies the stress on your knee, accelerating wear.Excess body fat can lead to increased inflammation in the body. This will inevitably affect the joints and is an important factor when it comes to arthritis.
Common Symptoms of Knee Arthritis
Knee arthritis often develops gradually, with symptoms that worsen over time. Common signs include:
Persistent pain, from dull aches to sharp discomfort.
Swelling and tenderness around the knee.
Visible deformities such as bow-legs or knock-knees.
Stiffness and reduced range of motion, particularly difficulty straightening the knee.
Clicking or grinding sensations during movement.
Catching or locking of the knee joint can also occur.
The Role of Physiotherapy for Knee Replacement Surgery
Accurate diagnosis is the first step toward effective treatment. A healthcare professional will assess your symptoms, range of motion, and knee alignment. Imaging studies, like X-rays, reveal the degree of joint damage, while MRIs can also evaluate soft tissue involvement. Imaging is not required to begin knee arthritis treatments. Imaging is useful in cases where an alternative diagnosis needs to be ruled out or if the condition is worsening or not improving. It will also be required if surgery is envisioned.
Knee replacement is typically recommended when conservative treatments like physiotherapy, medications, or injections fail to alleviate symptoms. The surgery can be partial (replacing one compartment of the knee) or total (replacing the entire joint).
Pre-Surgery Physiotherapy
Building strength and flexibility in the weeks leading up to surgery can improve outcomes. Pre-surgery goals include:
Enhancing muscle strength (especially quadriceps and hamstrings).
Optimising knee flexibility to ensure smoother post-operative recovery.
Preparing the body for rehabilitation exercises.
Diagnosing Knee Arthritis
Rehabilitation after knee replacement is critical to regain mobility, strength, and function. A structured physiotherapy program will address the following:
Pain Management: Techniques to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Restoring Range of Motion: Exercises to improve knee flexibility and mobility.
Strengthening Key Muscles: Targeting the quadriceps, hamstrings, calves, and hip muscles.
Balance and Coordination: Proprioception training to stabilise the knee during movement.
Functional Training: Relearning essential activities like walking, stair climbing, and bending safely.
Post-Surgery Recovery:
Risks and Limitations of Knee Replacement
While knee replacement boasts a high success rate, there are some potential risks:
Infection: Though rare, it requires prompt medical attention.
Residual Pain: Some patients may experience persistent discomfort.
Stiffness: A small percentage of patients report limited mobility.
Activity Restrictions: High-impact activities like running or jumping may not be suitable.
Fun Fact: The first modern knee replacement surgery was performed in 1954, laying the groundwork for today’s advanced techniques.
Most patients experience significant pain relief and can return to activities such as walking, swimming, or golfing. However, to ensure the longevity of the prosthesis, it’s advisable to avoid high-impact sports and heavy lifting.
Tips for a Smooth Recovery
Follow your physiotherapist’s rehabilitation plan diligently.
Engage in low-impact activities to maintain joint health and overall fitness.
Regularly consult your healthcare provider to monitor progress.
At Melbourne Physio Clinic, we understand that knee replacement is a journey. Our expert physiotherapists are here to guide you every step of the way, from pre-surgery preparation to post-surgery rehabilitation.
Ready to take the next step? Book an appointment today and let us help you get back to doing what you love with confidence and ease.